In European countries rapeseed oil is the primary fat raw material, but its potential resources are limited because the cultivation of rapeseed requires specific climatic and soil conditions. The paper concerns research on false flax (Camelina sativa L.), a forgotten oil plant, which history of cultivation in the Polish territory dates back to the era of the Lusatian culture. This plant has relatively low requirements both concerning soil and cultivation measures. An estimation of the costs was conducted for the production of biodiesel-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from seeds of false flax grown specially for this purpose under actual farming conditions of the Wielkopolska region. The oil was pressed from seeds in a conventional oil mill and from the oil, applying an esterification process newly patented by the IIAE employees, fuel for piston compression-ignition engines was produced. Production cost per 11 of biodiesel was PLN5.82, and when all EU subsidies were used, the production cost was 2.99 złotys per 1 litre of fuel.