The study was carried out for determination of changes in weed infestation of winter wheat cultivars under varying organic and conventional crop production system. Research was realized in 2006-2009 in the Institute of Plant Protection in the Experimental Station. The weed communities were compared using Shannon's diversity index and Simpson dominance index. The number and mass of weeds differed in the years as a result of different weather conditions and effectiveness of weed control in production system. The results of performed studies revealed that at the time of conversion of conventional production system to organic one the value of weed species biodiversity index was higher as compared to conventional cultivation of winter wheat. Considering the period of conversion of conventional production system to organic it was found that most common weeds were dicotyledonous with a dominance of Matricaria maritima. In case of conventional cultivation, the value of species domination index was the highest for Apera spica-venti and Viola ssp. I increasing of sowing rate the conversion to organic system haven't influence on biodiversity index and the study showed that conventional crop production decreases biodiversity.
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