ORIGINAL PAPER
Mycotoxicological evaluation of barley grain and its products
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Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego Zakład Fizjologii i Toksykologii, Instytut Biologii Eksperymentalnej ul. Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering 2013;58(4):204-207
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to perform the analysis of trichothecenes and zearalenone content in barley grain and food commodities
such as grits, flour and flakes, coming from organic and conventional farms. The analysed material included 53
samples, with 31 from organic and 22 from conventional farms. The food products had been purchased in local shops in
kujawsko-pomorskie province. Raw materials also came from the same region. Each sample was analysed in 3 replicates.
Eight mycotoxins were determined using HPLC-MS/MS method: nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-
acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 and HT-2 toxins and
zearalenone (ZEN). Sample preparation was made using Bond Elut® Mycotoxin columns (Varian) and internal standards
(IS) 13C-DON, 13C-T-2, 13C-HT-2, ZAN. HT-2 toxin and NIV dominated in the analysed grains and food products (30% and
28% respectively), while 3ADON was not detected in a single sample. Among the 8 analysed mycotoxins it was NIV that
dominated and its highest concentration was 85.6 ppb in the raw material from an organic farm. The highest number of mycotoxins
was found in the grain from a conventional farm, with HT-2 and T-2 toxins prevailing (80% and 70% samples, respectively).
Their concentration was also the highest in this group (13.8 ppb and 23.8 ppb, respectively). The third highest
concentration turned out to be of DON (65.1 ppb). ZEN was most commonly present in food products coming from conventional
farms - 42% samples. The contamination of organic and conventional products was comparable. Mean concentration
of the analysed mycotoxins was much lower in food products than in raw material. None of the analysed products contained
3ADON or DAS. Moreover, neither DON was detected in any of the organic products nor MAS in the conventional ones. No
tested sample exceeded the maximum acceptable levels of mycotoxins (Commission Regulation 1881/2006 EC).
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