The paper presents the comparison of biogas and biomethane production efficiency from maize silage (as typical biogas plant substrate) and maize straw silage in order to estimate the possibilities of maize straw application for biogas production. The experiment of biogas production was conducted in the 21-chamber biofermentor at the Institute of Agricultural Engineering. The results show that methane fermentation of typical maize silage can generate over 40% of biogas volume comparing with silage obtained from maize straw (calculated in dry matter of the substrates). However, because of the high market price of maize silage, usage of maize straw silage as a substrate for agricultural biogas plants can be more even interesting from economic point of view than typically used maize silage produced from whole maize plants.