The goal of present paper was to assess the effects of elimination of pre-sowing cultivation on fields under different water conditions during the growth of winter wheat plants. Experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Department, Poznań University of Life Sciences, in 2001-2006, on the luvisols in Experimental Station Złotniki near Poznan. The experimental objects were: water variant (irrigated, non irrigated) and two cultivation methods (conventional and direct sowing). In all years average temperature was higher than average of several years for Wielkopolska region. During six-year period it was recorded four years with higher and two years with lower rainfall than average for 1951-2000. It was confirmed that the yield was determined largely by weather conditions in particular years. Abandonment of mechanical cultivation before sowing caused a decrease of winter wheat, variety Roma grain yield, grown in natural conditions by 0.92 t/ha-1 (17.6%), and by 0.85 t/ha-1 (13.8%) on the irrigated fields. Moreover, the elimination of cultivation resulted in reduction of spikes number per 1m2, thousand grain weight and increase in grains number per spike.